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<h1 class='title'>Replacing docker with podman on macOS (and Linux)</h1>
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<h1 class="title">Replacing docker with podman on macOS (and Linux)</h1>
<div class="meta">Posted on Oct 11, 2021</div>
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<div class='container entry-content'><p>There are a number of reasons why you might want to replace docker, especially on macOS. The following feature bundled in Docker Desktop might have motivated you enough to consider replacing docker:</p>
<section class="body"><p>There are a number of reasons why you might want to replace docker, especially on macOS. The following feature bundled in Docker Desktop might have motivated you enough to consider replacing docker:</p>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p lang="en" dir="ltr">...ignoring Docker updates is a paid feature now?? <a href="https://t.co/ZxKW3b9LQM">pic.twitter.com/ZxKW3b9LQM</a></p>&mdash; Brendan Dolan-Gavitt (@moyix) <a href="https://twitter.com/moyix/status/1388586550682861568?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 1, 2021</a></blockquote>
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@@ -341,130 +114,94 @@ if (!doNotTrack) {
<p>I&rsquo;ve also observed that so far my 2019 16&quot; Macbook Pro hasn&rsquo;t sounded like a jet engine, although I haven&rsquo;t performed any disk-intensive operations yet.</p>
<h3 id="installing-podman">Installing Podman<a href="#installing-podman" class="hanchor" ariaLabel="Anchor">#</a></h3>
<p>Running Podman on macOS is more involved than on Linux, because the podman-machine must run Linux inside of a virtual machine. Fortunately, the installation is made simple with <a href="https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/podman">brew</a> (read <a href="https://podman.io/getting-started/installation#linux-distributions">this</a> if you&rsquo;re installing Podman on Linux):</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f0f3f3;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="display:flex;"><span>brew install podman
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="display:flex;"><span>brew install podman
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>The podman-machine must be started:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f0f3f3;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#09f;font-style:italic"># This is not necessary on Linux</span>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e"># This is not necessary on Linux</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>podman machine init
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>podman machine start
</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="running-a-container">Running a container<a href="#running-a-container" class="hanchor" ariaLabel="Anchor">#</a></h3>
<p>Let&rsquo;s try to pull an image:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f0f3f3;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#009;font-weight:bold">$</span> podman pull alpine
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#aaa">Trying to pull docker.io/library/alpine:latest...
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#aaa">Getting image source signatures
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#aaa">Copying blob sha256:a0d0a0d46f8b52473982a3c466318f479767577551a53ffc9074c9fa7035982e
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#aaa">Copying config sha256:14119a10abf4669e8cdbdff324a9f9605d99697215a0d21c360fe8dfa8471bab
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#aaa">Writing manifest to image destination
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#aaa">Storing signatures
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#aaa">14119a10abf4669e8cdbdff324a9f9605d99697215a0d21c360fe8dfa8471bab
</span></span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console"><span style="display:flex;"><span>$ podman pull alpine
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Trying to pull docker.io/library/alpine:latest...
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Getting image source signatures
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Copying blob sha256:a0d0a0d46f8b52473982a3c466318f479767577551a53ffc9074c9fa7035982e
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Copying config sha256:14119a10abf4669e8cdbdff324a9f9605d99697215a0d21c360fe8dfa8471bab
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Writing manifest to image destination
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Storing signatures
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>14119a10abf4669e8cdbdff324a9f9605d99697215a0d21c360fe8dfa8471bab
</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote>
<p>If you&rsquo;re having an issue pulling images, you may need to remove <code>~/.docker/config.json</code> or remove the set of auths in the configuration as mentioned <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/69121873/1191286">here</a>.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>and then run and exec into the container:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f0f3f3;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#009;font-weight:bold">$</span> podman run --rm -ti alpine
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#aaa">Error: error preparing container 99ace1ef8a78118e178372d91fd182e8166c399fbebe0f676af59fbf32ce205b for attach: error configuring network namespace for container 99ace1ef8a78118e178372d91fd182e8166c399fbebe0f676af59fbf32ce205b: error adding pod unruffled_bohr_unruffled_bohr to CNI network &#34;podman&#34;: unexpected end of JSON input
</span></span></span></code></pre></div><p>What does this error mean? A bit of searching lead to <a href="https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11837">this github issue</a>.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console"><span style="display:flex;"><span>$ podman run --rm -ti alpine
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Error: error preparing container 99ace1ef8a78118e178372d91fd182e8166c399fbebe0f676af59fbf32ce205b for attach: error configuring network namespace for container 99ace1ef8a78118e178372d91fd182e8166c399fbebe0f676af59fbf32ce205b: error adding pod unruffled_bohr_unruffled_bohr to CNI network &#34;podman&#34;: unexpected end of JSON input
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>What does this error mean? A bit of searching lead to <a href="https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11837">this github issue</a>.</p>
<p>Until the fix is released, a workaround is to just specify a port (even when it&rsquo;s not needed):</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f0f3f3;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="display:flex;"><span>podman run -p <span style="color:#f60">4242</span> --rm -ti alpine
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="display:flex;"><span>podman run -p <span style="color:#ae81ff">4242</span> --rm -ti alpine
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>If you&rsquo;re reading this from the future, there is a good chance specifying a port won&rsquo;t be needed.</p>
<p>Another example of running a container with Podman can be found in the <a href="https://jellyfin.org/docs/general/administration/installing.html#podman">Jellyfin Documentation</a>.</p>
<h3 id="aliasing-docker-with-podman">Aliasing docker with podman<a href="#aliasing-docker-with-podman" class="hanchor" ariaLabel="Anchor">#</a></h3>
<p>Force of habit (or other scripts) may have you calling <code>docker</code>. To work around this:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f0f3f3;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#366">alias</span> <span style="color:#033">docker</span><span style="color:#555">=</span>podman
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="display:flex;"><span>alias docker<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>podman
</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="podman-compose">podman-compose<a href="#podman-compose" class="hanchor" ariaLabel="Anchor">#</a></h3>
<p>You may be wondering: what about docker-compose? Well, there <em>claims</em> to be a drop-in replacement for it: <a href="https://github.com/containers/podman-compose">podman-compose</a>.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f0f3f3;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="display:flex;"><span>pip3 install --user podman-compose
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="display:flex;"><span>pip3 install --user podman-compose
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Now let&rsquo;s create a <code>docker-compose.yml</code> file to test:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f0f3f3;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="display:flex;"><span>cat <span style="color:#c30">&lt;&lt; EOF &gt;&gt; docker-compose.yml
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#c30">version: &#39;2&#39;
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#c30">services:
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#c30"> hello_world:
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#c30"> image: ubuntu
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#c30"> command: [/bin/echo, &#39;Hello world&#39;]
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#c30">EOF</span>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="display:flex;"><span>cat <span style="color:#e6db74">&lt;&lt; EOF &gt;&gt; docker-compose.yml
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">version: &#39;2&#39;
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">services:
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74"> hello_world:
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74"> image: ubuntu
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74"> command: [/bin/echo, &#39;Hello world&#39;]
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">EOF</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Now run:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f0f3f3;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#009;font-weight:bold">$</span> podman-compose up
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#aaa">podman pod create --name=davegallant.github.io --share net
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#aaa">40d61dc6e95216c07d2b21cea6dcb30205bfcaf1260501fe652f05bddf7e595e
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#aaa">0
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#aaa">podman create --name=davegallant.github.io_hello_world_1 --pod=davegallant.github.io -l io.podman.compose.config-hash=123 -l io.podman.compose.project=davegallant.github.io -l io.podman.compose.version=0.0.1 -l com.docker.compose.container-number=1 -l com.docker.compose.service=hello_world --add-host hello_world:127.0.0.1 --add-host davegallant.github.io_hello_world_1:127.0.0.1 ubuntu /bin/echo Hello world
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#aaa">Resolved &#34;ubuntu&#34; as an alias (/etc/containers/registries.conf.d/000-shortnames.conf)
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#aaa">Trying to pull docker.io/library/ubuntu:latest...
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#aaa">Getting image source signatures
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#aaa">Copying blob sha256:f3ef4ff62e0da0ef761ec1c8a578f3035bef51043e53ae1b13a20b3e03726d17
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#aaa">Copying blob sha256:f3ef4ff62e0da0ef761ec1c8a578f3035bef51043e53ae1b13a20b3e03726d17
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#aaa">Copying config sha256:597ce1600cf4ac5f449b66e75e840657bb53864434d6bd82f00b172544c32ee2
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#aaa">Writing manifest to image destination
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#aaa">Storing signatures
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#aaa">1a68b2fed3fdf2037b7aef16d770f22929eec1d799219ce30541df7876918576
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#aaa">0
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#aaa">podman start -a davegallant.github.io_hello_world_1
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#aaa">Hello world
</span></span></span></code></pre></div><p>This should more or less provide the same results you would come to expect with docker. The README does clearly state that podman-compose is under development.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console"><span style="display:flex;"><span>$ podman-compose up
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>podman pod create --name=davegallant.github.io --share net
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>40d61dc6e95216c07d2b21cea6dcb30205bfcaf1260501fe652f05bddf7e595e
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>0
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>podman create --name=davegallant.github.io_hello_world_1 --pod=davegallant.github.io -l io.podman.compose.config-hash=123 -l io.podman.compose.project=davegallant.github.io -l io.podman.compose.version=0.0.1 -l com.docker.compose.container-number=1 -l com.docker.compose.service=hello_world --add-host hello_world:127.0.0.1 --add-host davegallant.github.io_hello_world_1:127.0.0.1 ubuntu /bin/echo Hello world
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Resolved &#34;ubuntu&#34; as an alias (/etc/containers/registries.conf.d/000-shortnames.conf)
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Trying to pull docker.io/library/ubuntu:latest...
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Getting image source signatures
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Copying blob sha256:f3ef4ff62e0da0ef761ec1c8a578f3035bef51043e53ae1b13a20b3e03726d17
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Copying blob sha256:f3ef4ff62e0da0ef761ec1c8a578f3035bef51043e53ae1b13a20b3e03726d17
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Copying config sha256:597ce1600cf4ac5f449b66e75e840657bb53864434d6bd82f00b172544c32ee2
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Writing manifest to image destination
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Storing signatures
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>1a68b2fed3fdf2037b7aef16d770f22929eec1d799219ce30541df7876918576
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>0
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>podman start -a davegallant.github.io_hello_world_1
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Hello world
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>This should more or less provide the same results you would come to expect with docker. The README does clearly state that podman-compose is under development.</p>
<h3 id="summary">Summary<a href="#summary" class="hanchor" ariaLabel="Anchor">#</a></h3>
<p>Installing Podman on macOS was not seamless, but it was manageable well within 30 minutes. I would recommend giving Podman a try to anyone who is unhappy with experiencing forced docker updates, or who is interested in using a more modern technology for running containers.</p>
<p>One caveat to mention is that there isn&rsquo;t an official graphical user interface for Podman, but there is an <a href="https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11494">open issue</a> considering one. If you rely heavily on Docker Desktop&rsquo;s UI, you may not be as interested in using podman yet.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Update: After further usage, bind mounts do not seem to work out of the box when the client and host are on different machines. A rather involved solution using <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSHFS">sshfs</a> was shared <a href="https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/8016#issuecomment-920015800">here</a>.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>I had been experimenting with Podman on Linux before writing this, but after listening to this <a href="https://kubernetespodcast.com/episode/164-podman/">podcast episode</a>, I was inspired to give Podman a try on macOS.</p></div>
<p>I had been experimenting with Podman on Linux before writing this, but after listening to this <a href="https://kubernetespodcast.com/episode/164-podman/">podcast episode</a>, I was inspired to give Podman a try on macOS.</p></section>
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