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class=logo__cursor>█</div></a><div class=search><input id=search__text type=search placeholder=Search... aria-label=Search autocomplete=off><div id=search__suggestions class=search__suggestions--hidden></div></div><nav id=menu><ul class=menu--horizontal><li class=menu__item><a href=/index.xml>RSS</a></li></ul><div class=menu__burger><input class=menu__item type=checkbox aria-label="Open main menu"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-menu-2" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentcolor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"/><path d="M4 6h16"/><path d="M4 12h16"/><path d="M4 18h16"/></svg><ul class=menu--vertical><li><a class=menu__item href=/index.xml>RSS</a></li></ul></div></nav><button class="theme__toggle light--hidden" aria-label="Toggle light mode">
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<button class="theme__toggle dark--hidden" aria-label="Toggle dark mode"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-moon" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentcolor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"/><path d="M12 3c.132.0.263.0.393.0a7.5 7.5.0 007.92 12.446A9 9 0 1112 2.992z"/></svg></button></header><main><div class=content><article class=post><div class=post-header><h1>Replacing docker with podman on macOS (and Linux)</h1><div class=post-meta><span>2021-10-11</span><div class=post-tags><a class=post-tag href=https://davegallant.ca/tags/docker>docker</a><a class=post-tag href=https://davegallant.ca/tags/podman>podman</a><a class=post-tag href=https://davegallant.ca/tags/containers>containers</a></div></div></div><div class=post-content><p>There are a number of reasons why you might want to replace docker, especially on macOS. The following feature bundled in Docker Desktop might have motivated you enough to consider replacing docker:</p><blockquote class=twitter-tweet><p lang=en dir=ltr>...ignoring Docker updates is a paid feature now?? <a href=https://t.co/ZxKW3b9LQM>pic.twitter.com/ZxKW3b9LQM</a></p>&mdash; Brendan Dolan-Gavitt (@moyix) <a href="https://twitter.com/moyix/status/1388586550682861568?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 1, 2021</a></blockquote><script async src=https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js></script><p>Docker has been one of the larger influencers in the container world, helping to standardize the <a href=https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/blob/main/spec.md class=link--external target=_blank rel=noreferrer>OCI Image Format Specification</a>. For many developers, containers have become synonymous with terms like <code>docker</code> and <code>Dockerfile</code> (a file containing build instructions for a container image). Docker has certainly made it very convenient to build and run containers, but it is not the only solution for doing so.</p><p>This post briefly describes my experience swapping out docker for podman on macOS.</p><h3 id=what-is-a-container>What is a container?<a href=#what-is-a-container class=post-heading__anchor aria-hidden=true>#</a></h3><p>A container is a standard unit of software that packages up all application dependencies within it. Multiple containers can be run on a host machine all sharing the same kernel as the host. Linux namespaces help provide an isolated view of the system, including mnt, pid, net, ipc, uid, cgroup, and time. There is an <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sK5i-N34im8" class=link--external target=_blank rel=noreferrer>in-depth video</a> that discusses what containers are made from, and <a href="https://youtu.be/sK5i-N34im8?t=2468" class=link--external target=_blank rel=noreferrer>near the end</a> there is a demonstration on how to build your own containers from the command line.</p><p>By easily allowing the necessary dependencies to live alongside the application code, containers make the &ldquo;works on my machine&rdquo; problem less of a problem.</p><h3 id=benefits-of-podman>Benefits of Podman<a href=#benefits-of-podman class=post-heading__anchor aria-hidden=true>#</a></h3><p>One of the most interesting features of Podman is that it is daemonless. There isn&rsquo;t a process running on your system managing your containers. In contrast, the docker client is reliant upon the docker daemon (often running as root) to be able to build and run containers.</p><p>Podman is rootless by default. It is now possible to <a href=https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/rootless/ class=link--external target=_blank rel=noreferrer>run the docker daemon rootless</a> as well, but it&rsquo;s still not the default behaviour.</p><p>I&rsquo;ve also observed that so far my 2019 16" Macbook Pro hasn&rsquo;t sounded like a jet engine, although I haven&rsquo;t performed any disk-intensive operations yet.</p><h3 id=installing-podman>Installing Podman<a href=#installing-podman class=post-heading__anchor aria-hidden=true>#</a></h3><p>Running Podman on macOS is more involved than on Linux, because the podman-machine must run Linux inside of a virtual machine. Fortunately, the installation is made simple with <a href=https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/podman class=link--external target=_blank rel=noreferrer>brew</a> (read <a href=https://podman.io/getting-started/installation#linux-distributions class=link--external target=_blank rel=noreferrer>this</a> if you&rsquo;re installing Podman on Linux):</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-sh data-lang=sh><span style=display:flex><span>brew install podman
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>The podman-machine must be started:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-sh data-lang=sh><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#75715e># This is not necessary on Linux</span>
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>podman machine init
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>podman machine start
</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id=running-a-container>Running a container<a href=#running-a-container class=post-heading__anchor aria-hidden=true>#</a></h3><p>Let&rsquo;s try to pull an image:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-console data-lang=console><span style=display:flex><span>$ podman pull alpine
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>Trying to pull docker.io/library/alpine:latest...
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>Getting image source signatures
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>Copying blob sha256:a0d0a0d46f8b52473982a3c466318f479767577551a53ffc9074c9fa7035982e
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>Copying config sha256:14119a10abf4669e8cdbdff324a9f9605d99697215a0d21c360fe8dfa8471bab
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>Writing manifest to image destination
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>Storing signatures
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>14119a10abf4669e8cdbdff324a9f9605d99697215a0d21c360fe8dfa8471bab
</span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote><p>If you&rsquo;re having an issue pulling images, you may need to remove <code>~/.docker/config.json</code> or remove the set of auths in the configuration as mentioned <a href=https://stackoverflow.com/a/69121873/1191286 class=link--external target=_blank rel=noreferrer>here</a>.</p></blockquote><p>and then run and exec into the container:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-console data-lang=console><span style=display:flex><span>$ podman run --rm -ti alpine
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>Error: error preparing container 99ace1ef8a78118e178372d91fd182e8166c399fbebe0f676af59fbf32ce205b for attach: error configuring network namespace for container 99ace1ef8a78118e178372d91fd182e8166c399fbebe0f676af59fbf32ce205b: error adding pod unruffled_bohr_unruffled_bohr to CNI network &#34;podman&#34;: unexpected end of JSON input
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>What does this error mean? A bit of searching lead to <a href=https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11837 class=link--external target=_blank rel=noreferrer>this github issue</a>.</p><p>Until the fix is released, a workaround is to just specify a port (even when it&rsquo;s not needed):</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-sh data-lang=sh><span style=display:flex><span>podman run -p <span style=color:#ae81ff>4242</span> --rm -ti alpine
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>If you&rsquo;re reading this from the future, there is a good chance specifying a port won&rsquo;t be needed.</p><p>Another example of running a container with Podman can be found in the <a href=https://jellyfin.org/docs/general/administration/installing.html#podman class=link--external target=_blank rel=noreferrer>Jellyfin Documentation</a>.</p><h3 id=aliasing-docker-with-podman>Aliasing docker with podman<a href=#aliasing-docker-with-podman class=post-heading__anchor aria-hidden=true>#</a></h3><p>Force of habit (or other scripts) may have you calling <code>docker</code>. To work around this:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-sh data-lang=sh><span style=display:flex><span>alias docker<span style=color:#f92672>=</span>podman
</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id=podman-compose>podman-compose<a href=#podman-compose class=post-heading__anchor aria-hidden=true>#</a></h3><p>You may be wondering: what about docker-compose? Well, there <em>claims</em> to be a drop-in replacement for it: <a href=https://github.com/containers/podman-compose class=link--external target=_blank rel=noreferrer>podman-compose</a>.</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-sh data-lang=sh><span style=display:flex><span>pip3 install --user podman-compose
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Now let&rsquo;s create a <code>docker-compose.yml</code> file to test:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-sh data-lang=sh><span style=display:flex><span>cat <span style=color:#e6db74>&lt;&lt; EOF &gt;&gt; docker-compose.yml
</span></span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#e6db74>version: &#39;2&#39;
</span></span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#e6db74>services:
</span></span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#e6db74> hello_world:
</span></span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#e6db74> image: ubuntu
</span></span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#e6db74> command: [/bin/echo, &#39;Hello world&#39;]
</span></span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#e6db74>EOF</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Now run:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 style=color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-console data-lang=console><span style=display:flex><span>$ podman-compose up
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>podman pod create --name=davegallant.github.io --share net
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>40d61dc6e95216c07d2b21cea6dcb30205bfcaf1260501fe652f05bddf7e595e
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>0
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>podman create --name=davegallant.github.io_hello_world_1 --pod=davegallant.github.io -l io.podman.compose.config-hash=123 -l io.podman.compose.project=davegallant.github.io -l io.podman.compose.version=0.0.1 -l com.docker.compose.container-number=1 -l com.docker.compose.service=hello_world --add-host hello_world:127.0.0.1 --add-host davegallant.github.io_hello_world_1:127.0.0.1 ubuntu /bin/echo Hello world
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>Resolved &#34;ubuntu&#34; as an alias (/etc/containers/registries.conf.d/000-shortnames.conf)
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>Trying to pull docker.io/library/ubuntu:latest...
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>Getting image source signatures
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>Copying blob sha256:f3ef4ff62e0da0ef761ec1c8a578f3035bef51043e53ae1b13a20b3e03726d17
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>Copying blob sha256:f3ef4ff62e0da0ef761ec1c8a578f3035bef51043e53ae1b13a20b3e03726d17
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>Copying config sha256:597ce1600cf4ac5f449b66e75e840657bb53864434d6bd82f00b172544c32ee2
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>Writing manifest to image destination
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>Storing signatures
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>1a68b2fed3fdf2037b7aef16d770f22929eec1d799219ce30541df7876918576
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>0
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>podman start -a davegallant.github.io_hello_world_1
</span></span><span style=display:flex><span>Hello world
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>This should more or less provide the same results you would come to expect with docker. The README does clearly state that podman-compose is under development.</p><h3 id=summary>Summary<a href=#summary class=post-heading__anchor aria-hidden=true>#</a></h3><p>Installing Podman on macOS was not seamless, but it was manageable well within 30 minutes. I would recommend giving Podman a try to anyone who is unhappy with experiencing forced docker updates, or who is interested in using a more modern technology for running containers.</p><p>One caveat to mention is that there isn&rsquo;t an official graphical user interface for Podman, but there is an <a href=https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/11494 class=link--external target=_blank rel=noreferrer>open issue</a> considering one. If you rely heavily on Docker Desktop&rsquo;s UI, you may not be as interested in using podman yet.</p><blockquote><p>Update: After further usage, bind mounts do not seem to work out of the box when the client and host are on different machines. A rather involved solution using <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSHFS class=link--external target=_blank rel=noreferrer>sshfs</a> was shared <a href=https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/8016#issuecomment-920015800 class=link--external target=_blank rel=noreferrer>here</a>.</p></blockquote><p>I had been experimenting with Podman on Linux before writing this, but after listening to this <a href=https://kubernetespodcast.com/episode/164-podman/ class=link--external target=_blank rel=noreferrer>podcast episode</a>, I was inspired to give Podman a try on macOS.</p></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://storage.ko-fi.com/cdn/widget/Widget_2.js></script><script type=text/javascript>kofiwidget2.init("Buy me a coffee","#458588","F1F2S4LWI"),kofiwidget2.draw()</script><section id=comments class=comments><div class='container sep-before'><div class=comments><script>var getTheme=window.localStorage&&window.localStorage.getItem("theme-storage"),getTheme=getTheme??"light";let 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